What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which the colon (large intestine) and rectum are thoroughly examined. Some sources define the answer to the question "what does colonoscopy mean" as a reliable diagnostic method used for detecting and treating abnormalities in the intestines, such as polyps, inflammation, bleeding, or cancer. During the procedure, the inner lining of the bowel is examined using a flexible colonoscope inserted through the anus.

Why is a Colonoscopy Performed?

A colonoscopy is necessary in various medical situations. Here are the main reasons:

Screening and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
It is especially used in individuals aged 45 and above to detect colon cancer at an early stage.

Detection and Removal of Polyps
Early detection and removal of polyps reduce the risk of cancer.

Presence of Occult Blood in Stool
If hidden blood is detected in stool tests, colonoscopy is preferred for detailed examination.

Digestive System Complaints
In cases of persistent diarrhea, constipation, sudden weight loss, ongoing abdominal pain, or iron deficiency anemia, it is used to clarify the diagnosis.

How Long Does a Colonoscopy Take?

A colonoscopy usually takes 20–30 minutes. It's important to emphasize the preparation phase; patients must follow their doctor's dietary and laxative instructions to ensure the intestines are completely clean. Thanks to sedation, the procedure is generally comfortable for the patient.

How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy?

Complete bowel cleansing is required before the procedure. Therefore:

• Follow a specific diet as advised by your doctor (usually a liquid diet).

• Use laxatives (bowel-cleansing medications).

• Do not eat or drink anything after midnight before the procedure.

The preparation process is just as important as the procedure itself; if the bowel is not fully cleaned, the imaging may be insufficient.

Is Colonoscopy Painful?

Colonoscopy is typically not painful as it is performed under sedation. Mild cramping or gas may occur but usually resolves quickly.

Colonoscopy Diet

A proper colonoscopy diet is crucial for clear imaging during the procedure. Key points include:

• Diet Plan: 1–2 days before the procedure, a low-fiber, soft, and easy-to-digest diet is recommended.

• Liquid Nutrition: 24 hours prior, only clear liquids (water, clear broth, fruit juice) should be consumed.

• Foods to Avoid: Fiber-rich vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and red meat should be avoided.

• Laxative Use: Use of doctor-prescribed laxatives is essential for complete bowel cleansing.

This diet enhances imaging quality and supports accurate and early diagnosis.

Post-Colonoscopy Nutrition

After the procedure, proper nutrition supports bowel recovery and healing. Post-colonoscopy dietary tips:

• First Hours: Start with light, liquid foods immediately after the procedure.

• Gradual Transition: Eat low-fiber and easily digestible foods in the first 24 hours.

• Soft Foods: Choose yogurt, pureed vegetables, and soft protein sources (like fish or chicken).

• Reintroducing Fiber: As the intestines recover, gradually return to a normal diet.

• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps regulate digestion and supports recovery.

Following these steps promotes a smoother recovery and reduces complications.

Colonoscopy Prices in 2025: What Affects the Cost?

Colonoscopy costs in 2025 vary based on several factors. Since it can be used for both diagnosis and treatment, the facility’s equipment, the doctor’s expertise, and any additional procedures impact the price. However, the quality of care and accurate diagnosis are just as important as the cost.

Factors That Affect the Cost of Colonoscopy:

• Type of Hospital:
  Prices differ between public hospitals, private hospitals, and university hospitals. Private facilities may charge more due to equipment and service variety.

• Doctor’s Experience:
  The specialist’s expertise, evaluation process, and the technology used play a role. Experienced professionals ensure safer, more comfortable procedures.

• Sedation Option:
  Some patients opt for sedation for comfort. Sedation increases the cost.

• Additional Procedures and Tests:
  Polyp removal, biopsies, or simultaneous tests during colonoscopy may add to the standard fee.

Does Public Insurance (SGK in Turkey) Cover Colonoscopy?

The Turkish Social Security Institution (SGK) covers colonoscopy procedures if medically necessary and performed in certain hospitals. However, discounts may not apply in all private hospitals. It’s important to contact the hospital in advance for detailed SGK coverage information.

Choose Based on Health, Not Just Price

Colonoscopy is vital for early detection, especially in individuals over 45 for colorectal cancer screening. When selecting a facility, consider equipment, hygiene, professional staff, and patient follow-up—not just the price.

Important Post-Colonoscopy Considerations

• Mild abdominal bloating and gas are normal.

• Do not drive the same day if sedation was used.

• If you experience severe abdominal pain, fever, or heavy bleeding, contact your doctor immediately.

What is Virtual Colonoscopy? Advantages and Differences

Virtual colonoscopy, also known as CT colonography, is a non-invasive imaging method that examines the inner lining of the colon. It offers a more comfortable screening alternative to traditional colonoscopy for some patients.

How is Virtual Colonoscopy Performed?

The patient lies in a CT scanner while a small amount of air is introduced into the intestines to expand them for clearer imaging. CT images are then processed into 3D visuals, allowing doctors to examine the colon in detail.

Who is Virtual Colonoscopy Suitable For?

• Those afraid of or unable to tolerate traditional colonoscopy

• Patients who do not wish to be sedated

• Individuals wanting an initial screening

• Those with bleeding risks (in specific cases)

However, virtual colonoscopy cannot remove polyps or perform biopsies, so any abnormal findings will still require a traditional colonoscopy.

Is Preparation Needed for Virtual Colonoscopy?

Yes. Just like standard colonoscopy, the intestines must be completely clean. A special diet and laxatives are required beforehand.