Gastric Sleeve Surgery and Its Importance

Gastric sleeve surgery is one of the most frequently preferred methods in bariatric surgery. Obesity is not only an aesthetic concern but also one of the leading causes of serious health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and joint disorders. Therefore, controlling excess weight directly affects not only quality of life but also life expectancy.

In gastric sleeve surgery, approximately 75–80% of the stomach is removed, leaving behind a smaller, tube-shaped stomach. This allows the patient to feel full with smaller portions, reduces hunger hormones, and initiates weight loss. However, it should be emphasized that surgery alone is not a miraculous solution. Long-term success is possible only with proper nutrition, adequate fluid intake, protein support, exercise, psychological adaptation, and lifestyle changes.

In this guide, we will examine the post-surgery process in detail—from pre-operative preparation to dietary phases, vitamin and mineral supplementation, exercise, psychological factors, and habits to avoid.

1. Pre-Operative Preparation for Gastric Sleeve Surgery

The foundation of a successful post-surgery journey is laid before the operation. Dietary adjustments made during this period reduce surgical risks and prepare the body for the new lifestyle.

1.1 Portion Control and Eating Habits

• Start reducing portion sizes weeks before surgery to accustom the stomach to smaller capacity.

• Protein-focused nutrition (meat, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy products) prevents muscle loss and strengthens the immune system.

• Reducing sugar, refined carbohydrates, and processed foods makes post-surgery adaptation easier.

• Increasing vegetables and fiber supports digestive health.

1.2 Fluid Intake

• Daily target: 1.5–2 liters of water to support kidney health and metabolism.

• Eliminate carbonated and sugary drinks completely.

• Herbal teas (chamomile, fennel, linden) and unsweetened beverages are recommended.

1.3 Vitamins and Supplements

Having adequate vitamin and mineral stores before surgery eases recovery afterwards.

• Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, iron, and calcium levels should be checked and supplemented if necessary.

• Multivitamin support reduces the risk of deficiencies after surgery.

2. Post-Operative Nutrition Phases

Nutrition after gastric sleeve surgery progresses gradually. Since the stomach is highly sensitive in the early stages, phased progression is crucial.

2.1 Liquid Diet (First 1–2 Weeks)

In the first days after surgery, the stomach is healing. During this period, patients follow a full liquid diet.

Allowed Liquids:

• Water (non-carbonated, room temperature)

• Unsweetened herbal teas

• Strained, salt-free vegetable or chicken broth

• Diluted fruit juices

• Lactose-free milk or protein shakes

Rules:

• Drink slowly, in small sips.

• Daily goal: 1.5–2 liters of fluid

• Avoid extremely hot or cold drinks.

2.2 Pureed Diet (Weeks 2–4)

In this stage, the stomach can handle soft, pureed foods.

Examples:

• Vegetable purees (zucchini, carrot, potato, broccoli)

• Yogurt, cottage cheese

• Boiled and pureed chicken, turkey, or fish

• Soft-cooked eggs

Tips:

• Eat slowly, with small spoonfuls.

• Add protein powder if needed to meet protein goals.

• Avoid sugary, fatty, and processed foods.

2.3 Transition to Solid Foods (Weeks 4–6)

Solid foods are gradually introduced in small portions.

Examples:

• Boiled vegetables

• Grilled chicken, turkey, fish

• Small portions of whole grains (bulgur, brown rice, oats)

• Pureed fruits (apple, pear, banana in small amounts)

Rules:

• Eat 5–6 small meals a day.

• Leave at least 2 hours between meals.

• Do not drink fluids during meals.

2.4 Sample Daily Meal Plan

3. The Importance of Protein and Fluid Intake

• Protein: Prevents muscle loss, increases satiety, and accelerates healing.

  • Daily goal: 60–80 grams of protein

  • Sources: Chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, protein powder

• Fluids: Adequate hydration protects the stomach, supports kidney function, and prevents constipation.

  • Daily goal: 1.5–2 liters of water

4. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

One of the most common post-surgery issues is vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Regular supplementation is essential.

Recommended Supplements:

• Multivitamins

• Vitamin B12 (especially sublingual or injectable forms)

• Vitamin D

• Calcium

• Iron

Note: Supplements must always be taken under doctor and dietitian supervision.

5. Lifestyle Changes

Success after gastric sleeve surgery is supported not only by nutrition but also by lifestyle adjustments.

5.1 Regular Exercise

• Begin with light walking in the early weeks.

• Later, add resistance training and cardio.

• Recommended: 3–5 days per week, 30–45 minutes

Benefits:

• Speeds up weight loss

• Preserves muscle mass

• Boosts metabolism

5.2 Sleep Routine

• 7–8 hours of sleep per night is recommended.

• Poor sleep increases hunger hormones and hinders weight loss.

5.3 Psychological Support

• Adjusting to new eating habits is not always easy.

• Group therapy, counseling, and support groups can increase motivation.

5.4 Regular Check-Ups

• Regular blood tests are necessary after surgery.

• Vitamin and mineral levels must be monitored.

• Doctor and dietitian appointments should not be skipped.

6. Foods and Habits to Avoid

• Sugary and carbonated drinks

• Fried and fatty foods

• Overly spicy meals

• Large portions

• Eating too quickly

• Alcohol

7. Sample 1-Month Nutrition Plan

• Weeks 1–2: Liquid diet → Water, herbal teas, diluted fruit juices, vegetable or chicken broth

• Weeks 3–4: Pureed diet → Pureed chicken, vegetables, yogurt, cottage cheese

• Weeks 5–6: Transition to solids → Boiled vegetables, chicken, fish, small amounts of whole grains

8. Tips for Success

✅ Eat small portions
✅ Eat slowly and chew thoroughly
✅ Follow a protein-based diet
✅ Drink water throughout the day
✅ Exercise regularly
✅ Seek psychological support
✅ Take vitamin and mineral supplements consistently
✅ Attend doctor check-ups regularly

Conclusion

Gastric sleeve surgery is an effective method not only for weight loss but also for reducing obesity-related health risks and improving quality of life. However, long-term results depend on a disciplined diet plan, regular exercise, vitamin and mineral support, psychological adaptation, and medical follow-ups.

Remember: every individual’s metabolism is different. Therefore, the best results come from a personalized plan designed under the supervision of doctors and dietitians.